Adventures in Diving

Manual
PADI

Underwater Naturalist

Introduction to the Aquatic Realm

Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments - Physical Characteristics

Density, p 247
Water is 800 times denser than air [...] The cheetah, for example, runs faster than many fish swim, yet has far less streamlining by comparaison.
Gravity, p 247-248
[...] aquatic organisms can exist in a nearly "weightless" environment. While land organisms must have a rigid structure to resist gravity, some aquatic organisms such as the jellyfish grow quite large with virtually no rigid structure at all. This makes it possible for some aquatic organisms to live their entire life [...] never or rarely touching the bottom [...] even birds spend a significant amount of theirs lives perched.

[...] no 225 kg terrestrial animal can hover in air at all.

Aquatic organisms feel and respond to gravity by fish swimming "right side up." In try weightlessness, no reference to up, or down exists.

Light, p 248
In the clearest water, light cannot reach deeper than about 180 metres [...] Consequently, plant life survives only at the shallower depths [...]
Oxygen, p 248
Proportionnally, little oxygen exists in water, requiring aquatic organisms to have gills, which compared to terrestrial lungs are significantly more efficient at gathering oxygen.

Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments - Structural Characteristics

Plants, p 248-249
On land, plants dominate. [...] Long-lived plant communities control short-lived animal communities. Terrestrial ecosystems tend to be described in plant-terms: redwood forest, grass prairies, rain forest, etc.

[...] Animal populations dominate many aquatic ecosystems, which are referred to in animal-terms: coral reef, oyster beds, clam beds, etc.


Non-fiction
Marc Girod
Last modified: Sat Jan 27 20:00:00 GMT 2007